客服电话：400-609-1118雅思听力
场景话题：
P1儿童室内游戏中心/P2小岛旅游注意事项/P3学生和老师讨论考古课程/P4计算机对教育的影响
P1填空/P2选择/P3填空/P4选择+配对
老师点评
本次考试难度偏难，本场考试填空题出现在P1、P3。答案（仅供参考）如下：P2:11.A 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.C 17.C 18.选择"What are included..."19.C 20.C P3 21.classical history 22.compulsory 23.objective matters 24.classification 25.coursework 26.towns and cities 27.origins
28.an oral 29.location 30.seminars P4:31.A 32.B 33.B 34.B 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.A 39.B 40.C
本场考试整体有一定难度，主要是题型，在第三部分出现了填空题，而第四部分出现了选择和配对题，所以对于平时练习所以题型都要进行练习，不要有侥幸心理，考试肯定是越来越难。P1考察的是填空题，主要是儿童室内游戏中心也是新题词汇也有一定难度包含了cushion.P2考察的小岛旅游注意事项，题型是十道单选题，其实难度也比较大，主要是审题量就增加了难度，还有排除干扰的能力也在重点考察。内容方面因为是注意事项所以涉及到旅游的方方面面包含餐饮、保险、酒店等涉及面也很广。P3考察的是学生和老师讨论考古课程，由于涉及学科方面的知识还有词汇，所以整体难度也比较大，再加上句子填空和表格填空，如果平时考生练习的不多，做题时也会受到影响P4讨论的是计算机对教育的影响，重点仍然是题型，平时考生对于笔记填空会练习比较多，但是很少会涉及到这种组合题型，难度也比较大。
本场考试需注意不同的题型，平时要加强练习。参考剑桥练习：剑9 Test3 Section3;剑8Test2 Section4;剑8Test4 Section4
备注：本场考试填空选择比例20：20。题型方面，P1 10道填空题，是新题，答案仍需等待补充；P2单选题，有一定难度，平时也要加强单选题的练习，提高正确率P3填空题，这种题型有的，而且最近part3考填空题的情况不少见，所以这部分也需要加强P4考察选择+配对，这种题型平时也要加强练习和积累。
考试建议
1.场景方面：场景方面依然是主流场景（咨询、旅游生活场景、课程讨论、学科探讨和讲座），在接下来的考试中，考生还应将重点放在P1咨询，租房，求职，P2旅游，活动及公共场所设施介绍，P3课程讨论及论文写作，P4各类学科探讨和讲座。
2.题型：本次考试题型设置不常规。P1,P4填空为主；P2,P3单选/多选和配对为主。
3.机经：如需参考机经，以2015-2018年机经为主。
美国留学7月23日雅思机经真题考试回顾解析
雅思阅读
P1冰河世纪
P2英国麻鸦
P3打哈欠
老师点评
1.本场考试的整体偏难
2.整体分析：三篇文章均为科学类文章。
本次考试题型组合均为剑桥真题常规题型组合，第三篇文章的理解的难度和题型的难度都比较大。雅思阅读
3.部分答案及参考文章：
Passage 1 A NEW ICE AGE
William Curry is a serious,sober climate scientist,not an art critic.But he has spent a lot of time perusing Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze’s famous painting“George Washington Crossing the Delaware”,which depicts a boatload of colonial American soldiers making their way to attack English and Hessian troops the day after Christmas in 1776.“Most people think these other guys in the boat are rowing,but they are actually pushing the ice away,”says Curry,tapping his finger on a reproduction of the painting.Sure enough,the lead oarsman is bashing the frozen river with his boot.“I grew up in Philadelphia.The place in this painting is 30 minutes away by car.I can tell you,this kind of thing just doesn’t happen anymore.”
But it may again soon.And ice-choked scenes,similar to those immortalised by the 16th-century Flemish painter Pieter Brueghel the Elder,may also return to Europe.His works,including the 1565 masterpiece“Hunters in the Snow”,make the now-temperate European landscapes look more like Lapland.Such frigid settings were commonplace during a period dating roughly from 1300 to 1850 because much of North America and Europe was in the throes of a little ice age.And now there is mounting evidence that the chill could return.A growing number of scientists believe conditions are ripe for another prolonged cooldown,or small ice age.While no one is predicting a brutal ice sheet like the one that covered the Northern Hemisphere with glaciers about 12,000 years ago,the next cooling trend could drop average temperatures 5 degrees Fahrenheit over much of the United States and 10 degrees in the Northeast,northern Europe,and northern Asia.
“It could happen in 10 years,”says Terrence Joyce,who chairs the Woods Hole Physical Oceanography Department.“Once it does,it can take hundreds of years to reverse.”And he is alarmed that Americans have yet to take the threat seriously.
A drop of 5 to 10 degrees entails much more than simply bumping up the thermostat and carrying on.Both economically and ecologically,such quick,persistent chilling could have devastating consequences.A 2002 report titled“Abrupt Climate Change:Inevitable Surprises”,produced by the National Academy of Sciences,pegged the cost from agricultural losses alone at$100 billion to$250 billion while also predicting that damage to ecologies could be vast and incalculable.A grim sampler:disappearing forests,increased housing expenses,dwindling fresh water,lower crop yields,and accelerated species extinctions.
The reason for such huge effects is simple.A quick climate change wreaks far more disruption than a slow one.People,animals,plants,and the economies that depend on them are like rivers;says the report:"For example,high water in a river will pose few problems until the water runs over the bank,after which levees can be breached and massive flooding can occur.Many biological processes undergo shifts at particular thresholds of temperature and precipitation.”
Political changes since the last ice age could make survival far more difficult for the world's poor.During previous cooling periods,whole tribes simply picked up and moved south,but that option doesn't work in the modern,tense world of closed borders."To the extent that abrupt climate change may cause rapid and extensive changes of fortune for those who live off the land,the inability to migrate may remove one of the major safety nets for distressed people,”says the report.
But first things first.Isn't the earth actually warming?Indeed it is,says Joyce.‘In his cluttered office,full of soft light from the foggy Cape Cod morning,he explains how such warming could actually be the surprising culprit of the next mini-ice age.The paradox is a result of the appearance over the past 30 years in the North Atlantic of huge rivers of fresh water-the equivalent of a 10-foot-thick layer-mixed into the salty sea.No one is certain where the fresh torrents are coming from,but a prime suspect is melting Arctic ice,caused by a build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that traps solar energy.
The freshwater trend is major news in ocean-science circles.Bob Dickson,a British oceanographer who sounded an alarm at a February conference in Honolulu,has termed the drop in salinity and temperature in the Labrador Sea-a body of water between northeastern Canada and Greenland that adjoins the Atlantic-"arguably the largest full-depth changes observed in the modern instrumental oceanographic record”.
The trend could cause a little ice age by subverting the northern penetration of Gulf Stream waters.Normally,the Gulf Stream,laden with heat soaked up in the tropics,meanders up the east coasts of the United States and Canada.As it flows northward,the stream surrenders heat to the air.Because the prevailing North Atlantic winds blow eastward,a lot of the heat wafts to Europe.That’s why many scientists believe winter temperatures on the Continent are as much as 36 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than those in North America at the same latitude.Frigid Boston,for example,lies at almost precisely the same latitude as balmy Rome.And some scientists say the heat also warms Americans and Canadians.“It’s a real mistake to think of this solely as a European phenomenon,"says Joyce.
Having given up its heat to the air,the now-cooler water becomes denser and sinks into the North Atlantic by a mile or more in a process oceanographers call thermohaline circulation.This massive column of cascading cold is the main engine powering a deep-water current called the Great Ocean Conveyor that snakes through all the world’s oceans.But as the North Atlantic fills with fresh water,it grows less dense,making the waters carried northward by the Gulf Stream less able to sink.The new mass of relatively fresh water sits on top of the ocean like a big thermal blanket,threatening the thermohaline circulation.That in turn could make the Gulf Stream slow or veer southward.At some point,the whole system could simply shut down,and do so quickly.“There is increasing evidence that we are getting closer to a transition point,from which we can jump to a new state.”
参考答案：
1.B
2.A
3.D
4.A
5.B
6.D
7.A
8.B
9.C
10.heat
11.denser
12.Great Ocean Conveyor
13.fresh water
Passage 2：英国麻鸦
文章参考答案：
14 ii
15 v
16 i
17 viii
18 vi
19 iii
20 iv
21 1950s
22(being)shy/shyness
23 starvation
24 native fish
25 partnership protect/network of sites
26 other and brown-hare
27 B
Passage 3：打哈欠
相关参考文章及参考题目：
The secret of the Yawn
A When a scientist began to study yawning in the 1980s,it was difficult to convince some of his research students of the merits of"yawning science."Although it may appear quirky(诡异),his decision to study yawning was a logical extension to human beings of my research in developmental neuroscience,reported in such papers as"Wing-flapping during Development and Evolution."As a neurobehavioral problem,there is not much difference between the wing-flapping of birds and the face-and body-flapping of human yawners.
B Yawning is an ancient,primitive act.Humans do it even before they are born,opening wide in the womb(子宫).Some snakes unhinge their jaws to do it.One species of penguins yawns as part of mating.Only now are researchers beginning to understand why we yawn,when we yawn and why we yawn back.A professor of cognitive neuroscience at Drexel University in Philadelphia,Steven Platek,studies the act of contagious yawning,something done only by people and other primates.
C In his first experiment,he used a psychological test to rank people on their empathic(感情嵌入的)feelings.He found that participants who did not score high on compassion did not yawn back."We literally had people saying,'Why am I looking at people yawning?"'Professor Platek said."It just had no effect."
D For his second experiment he put 10 students in a magnetic resonance imaging machine as they watched video tapes of people yawning.When the students watched the videos,the part of the brain which reacted was the part scientists believe controls empathy---the posterior cingulate(皮层),in the brain's middle rear."I don't know if it's necessarily that nice people yawn more,but I think it's a good indicator of a state of mind,"said Professor Platek."It's also a good indicator if you're empathizing with me and paying attention."
E His third experiment is studying yawning in those with brain disorders,such as autism and schizophrenia,in which victims have difficulty connecting emotionally with others.A psychology professor at the University of Maryland,Robert Provine,is one of the few other researchers into
yawning.He found the basic yawn lasts about six seconds and they come in bouts with an interval of about 68 seconds.Men and women yawn or half-yawn equally often,but men are significantly less likely to cover their mouths which may indicate complex distinction in genders."A watched yawer never yawns,"Professor Provine said.However,the physical root of yawning remains a mystery.Some researchers say it's coordinated within the hypothalamus(下丘脑)of the brain,the area that also controls breathing.
F Yawning and stretching also share properties and may be performed together as parts of a global motor complex.But they do not always co-occur---people usually yawn when we stretch,but we don't always stretch when we yawn,especially before bedtime.Studies by J.I.P,G.H.A.Visser and H.F.Prechtl in the early 1980s,charting movement in the developing fetus using ultrasound,observed not just yawning but a link between yawning and stretching as early as the end of the first prenatal trimester(预产期).
G The most extraordinary demonstration of the yawn-stretch linkage occurs in many people paralyzed on one side of their body because of brain damage caused by a stroke.The prominent British neurologist Sir Francis Walshe noted in 1923 that when these hemiplegics yawn,they are startled and mystified to observe that their otherwise paralyzed arm rises and flexes automatically in what neurologists term an"associated response."Yawning apparently activates undamaged,unconsciously controlled connections between the brain and the cord motor system innervating the paralyzed(瘫痪的)limb.It is not known whether the associated response is a positive prognosis for recovery,nor whether yawning is therapeutic for reinnervation(再生)or prevention of muscular atrophy.
H Clinical neurology offers other surprises.Some patients with"locked-in"Syndrome,who are almost totally deprived of the ability to move voluntarily,can yawn normally.The neural circuits for spontaneous yawning must exist in the brain stem near other respiratory and vasomotor centers,because yawning is performed by anencephalic(无脑畸形)who possess only the medulla oblongata(脊髓延髓).The multiplicity of stimuli of contagious yawning,by contrast,implicates many higher brain regions.
Questions 28-32
Complete the Summary paragraph described below.In boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet,write the correct answer with No MORE THAN THREE WORDS.
A psychology professor drew a conclusion after observation that it takes about six seconds to complete an average yawing which needs.........28........before a following yawning comes.It is almost at the same frequency that male and female yawn or half,yet behavior accompanied with yawning showing a......29......in genders.Some parts within the brain may affect the movement which also have something to do with......30.......Another finding also finds there is a link between yawn and......31......Before a baby was born,which two can be automatically co-operating even among people whose.......32......is damaged.
Questions 33-37
Read paragraph A-H.Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-H for question 33-37
33 The rate for yawning shows some regular pattern.
34 Yawning is an inherent ability that appears in both animals and humans.
35 Stretching and yawning are not always going together.
36 Yawning may suggest people are having positive notice or response in communicating.
37 Some superior areas in brain may deal with the infectious feature of yawning
Questions 38-40
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet,write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
38 Several students in Platek's experiment did not comprehend why their tutor ask them to yawn back.
39 Some results from certain experiment indicate the link between yawning and compassion.
40 Yawning can show an affirmative impact on the recovery from brain damage brought by a stroke.
参考答案：
28 68 seconds
29 distinction
30 breathing
31 stretch/stretching
32 brain
33 E
34 B
35 F
36 D
37 H
38 NOT GIVEN
39 YES
40 NO
考试建议
1.本场考试话题均为科学类话题，整体文章较难，尤其是第3篇文章从整体的理解及题型上来讲均有难度，文章偏长且有专业术语。本次涉及到了list of headings这类题型，对于大部分同学来说难度都比较大。这类题型需要注意尽量读全段落中的信息，并且要优先考虑比较简单直接的同义转换，不能脑补，推断或者自己进行归纳总结。小标题中重点关注几个比较容易出现中心句的地方，比如段首2句，转折让步所在的句子。同义转换是每个题型的考查重点，平时刷题时务必要坚持积累。篇章题型组合做题顺序同样要注意分析清楚，保证做题思路清晰。美国雅思考试
2.下场考试的话题可能有关教育类和生物类。
3.重点浏览2018到2022年机经。
美国留学7月23日雅思机经真题考试回顾解析
雅思口语
老师点评
Part1:
这个部分的话题都是围绕考生们的日常生活展开，建议大家在考前积极做好准备，在考试中带着轻松的心态去答题。同时要注意积累相关的词汇表达，课堂上很多同学在广告、手表等话题上有词汇不足的情况，一定要引起足够的重视。
Part2：
第二部分大家要格外注意本月新出现的两个话题Describe a city you would recommend as a nice place to live(not your hometown).和Describe a time when someone asked for your opinion.这两个话题可以分别用地点类和事件类的其他素材进行串联，其实难度不大，同学们可以尽量选择自己熟悉的素材，避免死记硬背带来的表达上的生硬，让两分钟的答案显得自然生动一些。
美国留学7月23日雅思机经真题考试回顾解析
雅思写作
小作文：bar chart
大作文：More and more people move from the countryside to big cities.Does this development bring more advantages or disadvantages to the environment?
老师点评
1.本次考试整体难度不是很大。
2.整体分析：
Task 1：静态bar chart
常规考题，重点关注数据对比及变化趋势的相关表达
experience a substantial growth...
rise significantly from...to...
on the contrary
a decrease is recorded in..
...experienced the slightest drop
accounted for the largest proportion
the change in....were more noticeable..
....declined most remarkably...
the figure for...
Task 2：环境话题和城市发展话题的结合
More and more people move from the countryside to big cities.Does this development bring more advantages or disadvantages to the environment?
题目翻译：越来越多的人从乡村迁移到了城市里面。这个发展给城市环境带来的优势是否大于劣势？雅思写作
环境类的话题是考生非常熟悉的话题，在观点的选择上通常会选择劣势更多一些这个观点，但在实际写作过程中要注意扣题，不能把全部的重心都讨论对环境的坏处，要结合农村人口迁移到城市这一重点。
角度参考：
1）农村人口迁移到城市中，需要修建更多的住房，城市土地有限，limited land resources，可能会占用城市的绿地和公园replace parks and green lands with residential houses，当土地不够的时候，需要砍伐树木deforestation，向郊区扩张expand the city，破坏生态环境cause damage to the ecological environment。
2）人口增加会加剧污染问题cause more serious pollution，比如私家车数量增加，排放尾气增多emit exhaust，会导致城市空气污染，这些涌入城市的人口需要就业create more jobs to meet the demand for employment，就需要建更多的工厂企业，会排放污染物produce pollutants，制造噪音create a lot of noise。也可以写人口增加导致生活垃圾增加generate more household garbage，可能会污染水和土壤pollute the water and land。
让步段可以写，人口迁去城市之后，对农村的环境有好处，但是这个好处和对于城市的坏处相比，是不可比的not comparable。因此，弊端大于好处。
考试建议
1.小作文：重点关注饼图、线图、表格，适当关注流程图及地图题
2.大作文：重点关注政府、教育，社会类话题；
3.重点浏览近两年写作机经，可借助《高分范文书》第8版经典旧题来复习。
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