GMAT考试逻辑Boldface题解题攻略必备干货
在GMAT备考中、同学们都已经知道了CR的做题方式并不是按照“阅读理解”方式解题,也不是按照“问题类型”划分来解题,更不是按照“逻辑学”推理方式来解题,而是应该从官方的出题角度出发,用不同的商科思维解决不同的考点问题。
那么在CR五大考点当中,有一个考点与其他四个考点的出题形式都有所不同,同时又是很多同学屡做屡错的考点,那就是Boldface题。
出题形式
Boldface题俗称:黑体题、黑脸题、BD题、BF题,出题的形式为给考生一段话,把其中一句话、两句话、或半句话加粗变为黑体,问黑体的句子在这段话中发挥什么样的作用,因此Boldface题最准确的中文叫法应该是:句子作用题。如下考题:
Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-note scale known as the diatonic scale,but when did the scale originate?A fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite has four holes,which are spaced in exactly the right way for playing the third through sixth notes of a diatonic scale.The entire flute must surely have had more holes,and the flute was made from a bone that was long enough for these additional holes to have allowed a complete diatonic scale to be played.Therefore,the Neanderthals who made the flute probably used a diatonic musical scale. GMAT逻辑
In the argument given,the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A.The first introduces evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument;the second is the main conclusion stated in the argument.
B.The first introduces evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument;the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed.
C.The first describes a discovery as undermining the position against which the argument as a whole is directed;the second states the main conclusion of the argument.
D.The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain;the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed.
E.The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain;the second gives a reason to rule out one possible explanation.
商科思维
Boldface题考察的商科思维是考生对于影响关系的判断,这也是作为未来管理者需要具备的潜质之一。比如说,作为一个公司的管理者,你需要知道一个员工在一群员工中的角色,要知道这个人对其他人有什么样的影响关系;同时你也要知道一件事情在整个项目中的角色,要知道它在大局中发挥什么样的作用。但是GMAC官方没办法给你一些人和一堆事来让你判断,因此只能运用类比的思维来考察你,即:如果你能够判断出一个句子在一堆句子中的作用,那么自然而然就能够判断出人与事的作用,因为本质上来讲它们的原理是一样的,都是对于影响关系的判断。GMAT备考
因此Boldface题的做法就不可能是把每一个句子都读懂,然后根据句意来揣测它们之间的影响关系,因为如果你要知道一个人对其他人的影响,是不需要把每个人的户口都查一遍的,只需要判断出人与人之间的相互影响关系就可以了。因此做Boldface题的大忌其实就是去读题,因为Boldface题的题目往往比一样题目更长、句意更加晦涩难懂,越是想仔细读懂每一句话的意思,做错的可能性就越大,因此掌握正确的方法,根据影响关系来做题才能够快、准、狠地解决掉Boldface题。
解题办法
根据Boldface题所考察的商科思维,我们可以通过三个方面来解决一道Boldface题:
1、理结构
理结构指的是理清楚一道Boldface题的结构,注意:不是黑体句子的结构,而是整个一段话的结构,尤其要知道这段话中结论在何处。
2、看属性
看属性指的是看黑体本身在结构中的位置,是背景、条件还是结论。
3、判关系
判关系是看黑体部分与其他句子之间的关系,如果是两个黑体就要着重看两个黑体之间的关系(如是支持关系还是反驳关系)。GMAT考试
通过这三个方面,我们就可以很容易地解决一道Boldface题,我们以上面给出的考题为例:
Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-note scale known as the diatonic scale,but when did the scale originate?A fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite has four holes,which are spaced in exactly the right way for playing the third through sixth notes of a diatonic scale.The entire flute must surely have had more holes,and the flute was made from a bone that was long enough for these additional holes to have allowed a complete diatonic scale to be played.Therefore,the Neanderthals who made the flute probably used a diatonic musical scale.
这道题拿过来不要着急去看句子意思,而是以浏览的方式去看这段话的结构,第一个句子扫一眼就会发现它是一个问句,至于它问了什么其实与我们无关;紧接着看第二个句子,我们会发现它是一个主句配从句,应该是在描述一个东西或一件事,至于具体描述了什么仍然与我们无关;第三个句子,是and连接了前后两个句子,应该是继续在描述,具体内容仍然不需要去读;最后一个句子开头有一个therefore,这是一个非常关键的标志词,它的出现说明了最后这句应该是这个段落的结论,因此Boldface题做题的三个方面通过这种形式的浏览我们就全部确定了:
1、这段话的结构应该是:最后一句是结论,前面是条件或背景加条件;
2、最后一句话(也就是第二个黑体)的属性应该是结论,那么第一个黑体很有可能是个条件;
3、这两个黑体之间并没有转折关联词,只有一个therefore,
因此两个句子之间更有可能是支持关系。因此这道题的答案应该是:第一个黑体是一个条件来支持一个结论,第二个黑体就是它所支持的那个结论。GMAT逻辑技巧
接下来,看选项:
A、The first introduces evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument;the second is the main conclusion stated in the argument.
B、The first introduces evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument;the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed.
C、The first describes a discovery as undermining the position against which the argument as a whole is directed;the second states the main conclusion of the argument.
D、The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain;the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed.
E、The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain;the second gives a reason to rule out one possible explanation.
不难发现A选项就是与我们的推断一致的答案,而BCD选项中因为都出现了oppose这个表示反驳关系的词,因此排除,E选项说第二个黑体是reason,并不符合其结论的属性,因此也排除,此题正确答案为A。
虽然这道题属于Boldface中的一道简单题,但是我们却可以通过这道例题看到Boldface题的解题方法,其实不论一道Boldface题的难易程度,其做题方法都是不变的,因为不管它是长是短、是易是难,考察的都是句子与句子之间的影响关系,简单题尚不用阅读加翻译的做法,难题就更不应该这样做了,因为难题要想读懂翻译懂岂不是更难,因此一定要从商科思维的角度出发,搞清楚结构、属性和关系才能简单粗暴地把一道Boldface题用最快的时间做对。
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